The biosynthesis of the zinc finger transcription factor Egr‐1 is stimulated by many extracellular signaling molecules including hormones, neurotransmitters, growth and differentiation factors, and cytotoxic metabolites. The 5′‐flanking region of the Egr‐1 gene contains genetic elements that are essential in connecting stimulation of the cells with enhanced transcription of the Egr‐1 gene, and subsequently, transcription of Egr‐1‐responsive genes. Thus, Egr‐1 links cellular signaling cascades with changes in the gene expression pattern. Many biological functions have been attributed to Egr‐1. Here, we discuss evidence for Egr‐1 control of cellular proliferation and programmed cell death. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 287–292, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.